Gyratory crusher having a floating ring



' Feb. 28, 1950 S. W. TRAYLOR, JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER HAVING A FLOATING RING I 3She e'ts-Sheet Filed Jan. 24, 1946 Feb. 28, 1950 s. w. TRAYLOR, JR 2,

GYRATQRY CRUSHER HAVING A FLOATING RING I Filed Jan. 24, 1946 3 Sheets- Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 28, 1950 GYRATORIORUSHER HAVING A= FLOATING RING Samuel WiflTiaylbr, Jr;, Allentown, Pa.

Application January.

24, 1946', serialiNo. 643033 I 18TCIaiins. (o1. .241. 140) The present application is acontinuation-in. part of applicants prior application;serial'Nca 589,877, filed April. 23, 1945, now. abandoned.

This invention:relates to crushersof; thevupright gyratory type and has. as:' an. object to greatly increase the. capacity ofisuch crushers= by providing them with a plurality on crushing. spaces, this object-being attained-by the. provision of a floating ring in1the space.- between inner and outer crushing members. so. that. afree -dis charging crushing space is-caused-to exist ateach. side of the ring during normaloperation.

cocking. of. the ring, such asmightcause-jam-F ming between the crushingmembers; is-preventedr Another object is to provide a multi-space gym-- tory crusher. designed to. eliminate choking: in;

the crushing spaces, this. being: accomplished/by; shaping the. opposed crushing: faces sothat-each: crushing space, which is-downwardlyztapering, is. divided into a succession of superposed: zones. of.

which eachhas a volumetric. capacity sufficient to receive all of. the material reachingdttfrom the next higher zone..

The invention is shown in practical embodi ment, by way of. example; inthe. accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1 is a partial axial sectionof acrusher embodying afloating crushing ring,

Figure 2 is. an enlargement of r a. portion of! Figure 1, Figure 3 is av partial axialsecticn of. another embodiment illustrating means. for preventing undue cocking of the .ring,.

Figure 4 is asection-on line L-Lof: Figure .3, Figure-5 isa partialaxial-section oftacrusher.

showing another form of ring restraining;-means;.

Figure 6' is a partial. plan :viewof; the ring, O-fi Figure 5,

Figure 7 is a partial axialsection of a=crushen showing .a further form of ringrestrainingl'means,=.

and

Figure 3isa-section on 1ine*8-8. of: Figure: 7. In Figure 1, reference: numeral 5-designates a frame or casingshown. as comprising-upper: and. lower portions- 6 and 1- which supportbetween them a horizontally disposed crushingmember-in:

the form of. a concave 8 having: ans-annular" Another object is to providev means? whereby: undue example; in: the patent. to 'RichardBernhard; No. 1,837,102- of: Dec. 15,;1931. wedged onianiup+-- wardlyr tapering conical? portion. 14 of shaft. I22 and. retained by meansof a'spacer'sleeve. l5 and nut-l6; is-acrushing member in. the. formiof a, head: I-Iwithintheconeave8: Head I1 has an. upwardly tapering; conical crushing surface: [8 which. tapers upwardly less steeply than the crushing.- face 9: of: the. concaveelement 8. and: which,, with. face 9- of the. concave, defines, an@ annular spacer! 9 ofdownwardly-tapering;section;.

Disposed inthespace I 9 is a ring.- 20. w-hich has; upwardly tapering outer. andrinner facesz-2 l= and. 2-2, respectively opposedzto faces 9 and I8 Asahere:

shown; thefacesll is: conical while the face-2 2-.is--.

convexly'curvedfrom top to bottom. -Itwill be noted that the :outerfacet-2 l tapers upwardly lessa steeply than. the opposed; inner face: 9: of. the: concave. and that the inner face 2-2: of: thearing;v tapers: upwardly: more steeply than the.- opposed" outerface l8-,-of..the head- '51: Moreover; theinner:

.and outer; surfaces .of' the ring; converge=upwardly;

' sci-that the ringds ofzupwardly tapering; thickness This mechanism may be: conventionaland, hence;

is not illustrated. In this.- connection; reference.- may be had to. the prior art asaexemplifled for in. .axial sections.

When the crusher is.'at4 rest and.- empty, ring; 20' rests directly-.- ona head. I 1-; How-ever, when material.-. to. be. crushed, such. as. rock;. is fed through the.- passagelit. with the. crusher: driven. 80 131131. head IT is gyrating; the: ringimmedi-- ately assumes. a substantially level position sub:- stanti-ally midway-between surfaces 9 land: I 8. and retains this position. during normal operation so. that two upwardly enlarging-crushing;spaces edesignated 23 and 24, Figure 2;.are caused,to exist. The ringnormally tends to. move with. the head and; amajority of. the'crushing: is 1 normally done; on. the outside ofthe. ring. The. increased ca.- pacityof; the crusher 'is due? to the crushing; accomplished on the inside of'rthe'rin'g. This-inacreased capacity is normally from 25%: to 35%. and-over.

In conventional crushers; ,when the. opening oni the closed side is: smallwith respect tothewthrow; excessive-poweris. consumed clue to =the choking action of thematerial being crushed. With the: new=arrangement, however, when-the pressureeo'n: the. outside of; the ring;- becom'es. excessive, the head can'move and as itmovesxit crusheszmaterial on theinsideso'that' excessive-power requirements are avoided. Crushing is accomplishedthrough aucushion-of. crush'able material. Should a piece of; tramp-iron or other llIlClllShj able. substance be introduced,- say; in: the: outer-r crushing spacei23,-.the head will be moved-relative to? the: ringagainst the material. in space 24;. thereby relieving: excessive strain and, at the. same-time, crushingmaterial inxthe latter space.

The open relation. of.ithe;parts.-is:shownatztheleft in Figure; 1": and: in Figure: 2, .and' the closed relationaat theright-inxFigllre 1;. Ina-Figure lsit will be seen that the ring is slightly canted to the left to give a self-adjustment of the crushing spaces with the ring substantially midway between the faces of the concave end head.

Referring to Figure 2, the crushing action in space 23 is assumed to start at about the line a: and faces 9 and 2| are in normal maximum spaced apart relation. The shape of faces 9 and 2! is such that the distance between them in the maximum closed relation will be substantially equal to that portion of the line g which is between the faces. Consequently, a piece of material which is engaged on the line as when the jaws are apart can be crushed to a size enabling it to drop to the line y when the faces 9 and 2! again move apart. The length of line a between the faces is substantially equal to the distance between the faces along the line y when they are in closed relation. Hence, a piece of material caught on the line 1, in the open relation can be crushed so as to fall to the line a when the faces again move apart. The volume of the annular zone between lines y and a is not less than the volume of the annular zone between lines as and y and, consequently, all of the material crushed in the latter zone is receivable in the former so that choking cannot occur. The same principles apply with respect to the zone of space 23 which is below line 2. The same zone divisions are present in the space 23 as indicated by the lines :13, y and 2'. It will be understood that the described zone relationship may be temporarily upset when uncrushable material is encountered, but the relationship is substantially maintained during normal operation. Due to the fact that the ring, as shown, floats during normal operation, and is hence subjected to no positive restraint in any direction by fixed connections, it is fully self-adjusting in the material resulting in an improved mode of operation.

As above stated, in normal operation, the ring retains a more or less level position with no jamming tendency. However, when the crusher is running empty, or is receiving initial feed, or when it is not getting sufiicient feed to keep it comparatively full, the ring has a tendency to cock, sometimes cocking so badly as to jam. This difficulty can be overcome in a number of ways as will now be explained.

Referring to Figure 3, the frame portion 30 of the crusher carries the concave 3| and through arms as at 32, of which there are usually three,

supports a bearing 33 for the upper end of the gyratory shaft 34, the bearing being equipped with a cap 35.

Th crushing head 36 comprises a core portion 31 wedged on an upwardly tapering portion 38 of shaft 34 and, in turn, having wedged thereon a mantle 39 retained by means of a nut 4i! threaded on the shaft. An annular crushing space, which enlarges upwardly, is defined between the upwardly curvilinearly tapering convex face 4| of the concave and the upwardly curvilinearly tapering concave face 42 of the mantle 39.

Disposed in the space between the head and concave is a ring 43 which has an upwardly tapering concaved outer face 44 and an upwardly tapered convexed inner face 45 so that upwardly enlarging outer and inner spaces are provided between the ring and the concave and the ring and the head, respectively With th machine empty, the ring rests on the head.

It should be noted that the relationship between the steepness of taper of the four crushing surfaces is generally the same as in the first form of the invention. That is to say, the inner face 4| of the concave tapers upwardly more steeply than the opposed outer face 44 of the ring, and the inner face 45 of the ring tapers upwardly more steeply than the opposed outer face 42 of the head, thereby providing two annular, downwardly tapering crushing spaces. The inner and outer surfaces of the ring converge upwardly so that the ring is of upwardly tapering thickness in axial section.

I have found that if the material to be crushed is initially fed to the inner crushing space only, jamming will not occur. After the inner space is filled, the material will overflow into the outer crushing space, but until such overflow occurs, the ring moves with the head and no crushing action takes place. Therefore, the invention contemplates arrangements by which the material will substantially all be fed into the inner space so that, when starting up, undue cooking of the ring will be avoided.

To this end, I may provide a hopper in the form of an upright cylinder 50 having cut-outs as at 5| in its lower portion for the reception of the arms as at 32, the upper edge of the cut-outs supporting the hopper on the arms and the diameter of the hopper being such as to give substantial clearance around the bearing 33 and cap 35. Reference numeral 52 designates a circular plate supported above cap 35 in spaced relation to the inner Walls of the cylinder by means of brackets as at 53. Reference numeral 54 designates an annular ledge at the lower end of cylinder 50 and defining a discharge opening 55 whose diameter is about that of the upper inner edge of ring 33. Material fed onto plate 52 falls through the hopper around the bearing and cap, builds up on ledge 54, and then drops into the space between the ring and head. After this space is filled, the material will overflow into the outer space between the ring and the concave and crushing action will begin.

In Figures 3 and 4 reference numeral 55 designates lugs projecting radially from nut 40 and having lower edges spaced above the normal operating level of the top edge of the ring. Undue cocking of the ring is prevented by its engagement with one or more of the lugs.

Also, in Figure 4, the mantle is shown as being provided with outwardly projecting lugs 51 adjacent the top of the ring with their outer ends sufficiently spaced from the inner surface of the ring so as not to interfere with the normal movement of the ring during crushing. However, one or more of the lugs 51 will engage the inner surface of the ring to prevent undue cocking thereof.

All of the described anti-cocking provisions, i. e., the hopper, the lugs 56, and the lugs 51, may be used together, or they may be used singly.

In Figure 5, the ring 43' is provided with inwardly projecting lugs 58 of which there may be three in equally spaced relation, these terminating sufiiciently short of the mantle so as not to interfere with normal movement of the ring but serving, in the same manner as lugs 51 of Figures 3 and 4, to prevent undue cocking of the ring.

Referring to Figures '7 and 8, the head 59 terminates upwardly in a shoulder engaged by a spacer sleeve 60 provided with an annular rib 6| so that an annular channel 62 is provided. Received in the channel is a loose fitting collar 63 whose inner surface is axially convexed so that the collar is universally tiltable, and it is also freely axially movable in the channel. The collar is connected with the upper part of a crushing ring 64" through arms. 65; between which spaces exist through which material to be' crushed can be fed to'the innerupwardly enlarging crushing space. When the machine empty, ring, 64- is supported by the head;v Any undue cooking of the ring is prevented by the collar 6'3 although it floats freely in normal operation.

Variations in the form and arrangement of parts are' possible and contemplated under the invention as defined inthe followingclaims.

I claim:

1. A gyratory crusher comprising inner and outer cooperating, crushing members of which the inner is gyratory on an uprightaxis, said members having upwardly tapering opposed crushing faces defining an annular space,.'and a floating ringin saidspace having upwardly tapering and upwardly converging inner and outer faces which in. the normal operation of the crusher define inner and outer downwardly tapering crushing spaces with the faces ofsaid. inner and-outer members respectively, the inner face of said ringoverlying the face of said innermemberv so as to be. supported thereby along a circular, substantially line contact adjacent the lower end of said inner face when the space between the two faces is empty and when the ring. is level, said ring being tiltable both upwardlyand downwardly at all points around" its circumference both when said spaces are empty and when having material therein.

2. A gyratory crusher comprising a gyratoryhead arranged on an upright axis and having an annular upwardly tapering crushing face, a con-.- cave. surrounding said. head and having an annular upwardly tapering crushing face, said faces defining an annular space between them,- and a floating ring of upwardly tapering thickness in axial section in said-space having upwardly tapering inner and outer faces which in thenormal operation of the crusher define annular inner and outer downwardly tapering crushing Spaceswiththe facesofthe head and concave respectively, saidring being supported through contact with the. head along a substantially line :contactwhen saidinner crushingspace is emptyandbeing supportedby the material when said inner space contains-materialto be crushed, said ring being tiltable both upwardly and downwardly atclusively to the top of said inner space, said ring being supported by the crushing face of the inner' member when the inner crushing spac is empty and being tiltable upwardly; and downwardly at" all points around its circumference when said space is empty and when full..

4. A gyratory crusher comprising inner and outer cooperating crushing members of-whichr the inner isvgyratory on an upright axis, saidmembers havin upwardly tapering opposed crushing faces defining an annular space, a floatdefining inner and outer downwardly tapering crushing spaces with'the faces of saidinnerand outer members respectively, and a hopper for the material to be crushed above said. crushing members and ring having a bottom opening above said inner space andof such sizeas. to deliverthe.

5. A gyratory crusher comprising inner. andouter cooperating crushing members of which the inner isgyratory on an upright axis, said members having. upwardly tapering opposed.

crushing faces defining an annular space, a floating ring insaid'space havin upwardly tapering and upwardly converging inner and outer faces defining inner and outer downwardly tapering crushing spaces with the faces of'said inner and outer members respectively, said ring beingsupported by the crushing face of the inner member when the annular space is empty and being tiltable upwardly and downwardly at all points along its circumference whensaid space is empty and'when full, and stop means preventing, undue tilting of said ring: in said annular space.

6. A gyratory. crusher comprising inner and outer cooperating crushing members of. which the inner is gyratory on an upright axis, said members having upwardly tapering opposed crushing faces defining, an annular space, .a fioat ing ring in said space having upwardly tapering,

and'upwardly converging inner and outer faces defining inner and outer downwardly. tapering crushing spaces with the faces ofsaid inner and outer members respectively, and lugs in fixed association with one of said crushing members projecting above said ring, to limit the cocking thereof in said annular space.

'7. A gyratory crusher comprising inner and outer" cooperating, crushing members of which the inner is gyratory on an upright axis, said members having upwardly tapering opposed crushingfacesdefining an annular space, a floating ring in saidspace having, upwardly tapering and upwardly convergin inner and outer faces defining inner andouter downwardly tapering crushing spaces with the. facesof said inner and outer members respectively, and outwardly projecting lugs on said inner memberengageable by the. upper portion of. said ringtolimit cocking .of saidIring in said annular space.

8. A gyratory crusher comprising innerand outer cooperating crushing members of whichv the inner.v is gyratory on an. upright axis,. said members. having upwardly tapering opposed crushing faces. defining an annular space, a, float.-

ing ring in saidspacehaving upwardlytapering and upwardly converginginner andouter faces defining inner. and outer downwardly tapering crushing spaces withthe faces of saidinner and outer members. respectively, and lugs projecting radially from the upperend-of said ring engageable with one of said'members to limit cockingv of said ring in said annular space.

9. A gyratory crusher comprising inner and outer cooperating crushing members of which the inner is gyratory on an upright axis, said members having upwardly tapering opposed" crushing faces defining an annular space, a floating ring in saidspace-having upwardly tap-- longitudinally slidable and universally tiltable on the axis of said inner member, and spaced apart arms connecting the upper portion of said ring with said collar.

10. A gyratory crusher comprising a gyratory head and a concave supported in surrounding relation to the head, said head and concave having opposed faces defining an annular crushing space between them, and a floatin ring of upwardly decreasing thickness in axial section in said space dividing the latter into inner and outer spaces, said head having a portion which supports said ring when said inner space is empty, the ring having an inner face so shaped with respect to the face of the head that said inner space in the empty condition is upwardly divergent, to facilitate the entry of material to be crushed into said inner space, to lift the ring from direct contact with the head, said ring, in the normal operation of the crusher being tiltable both upwardly and downwardly to facilitate passage of non-crushable objects through said inner and outer spaces.

11. A gyratory crusher comprising a gyratory head and a concave supported in surrounding relation to the head, said head and concave having opposed faces defining an annular crushing space between them, a floating ring of upwardly decreasing thickness in axial section in said space dividing the latter into inner and outer spaces, said inner member having a portion which supports said ring when said inner space is empty, the ring having an inner face so shaped with respect to the face of the head that said inner space in the empty condition is upwardly divergent, and a hopper arranged to feed material to be crushed substantially only to said inner space.

12. A gyratory crusher comprising a gyratory head arranged on an upright axis and having an annular upwardly tapering crushing face, a concave surrounding said head and having an annular upwardly tapering crushing face, said faces defining an annular space between them, a floating ring in said space and supported through contact with said head when said space is empty, said ring having upwardly tapering and upwardly converging inner and outer faces which in the normal operation of the crusher define annular upwardly enlarging inner and outer crushing spaces with the faces of the head and concave respectively, and a hopper arranged to feed material to be crushed substantially only to said inner space.

13. A gyratory crusher comprising a head gyratory on an upright axis, a concave surrounding the head, the head and concave having opposed crushing faces defining a downwardly tapering annular space therebetween, and a floating ring in said space having inner and outer upwardly converging surfaces opposed to the faces of the head and concave, providing inner and outer crushing spaces which taper downwardly in vertical section, the crushing face of the head being extended under the inner surface of the ring in direct supporting relation thereto along a circular, substantially line contact when the inner crushing space is empty and when the ring is level, the ring being normally supported substantially midway between the head and concave by the material being crushed, and being tiltable upwardly and downwardly at all points around its circumference when the inner space is empty and when the same contains material to be crushed.

14. A crusher in accordance with claim 13, characterized in that the floating ring is of upwardly tapering thickness in axial section.

15. A crusher in accordance with claim 13, characterized in that the inner surface of the floating ring in axial section is convexly curved and in that the ring is of upwardly decreasing thickness in axial section.

16. A crusher in accordance with claim 13, characterized in that the floating ring has, in axial ,section, a [concave ;outer surface and a convex inner surface providing an upwandly tapering ring thickness in said section.

17. A gyratory crusher comprising a normally stationary concave element having an upwardly tapering inner annular face which is convex in axial section, a head within the concave gyratory on an upright axis having an upwardly tapering outer annular face which is concave in axial section, said faces providing a downwardly tapering annular space therebetween, and a floating ring in said space above the head having an outer surface which is concave in axial section, facing the inner face of said concave element and an inner surface which is convex in axial section, facing the outer face of the head, said ring being of upwardly tapering thickness in axial section and providing inner and outer downwardly tapering crushing spaces between its surfaces and the faces of the head and concave, respectively, said ring being normally supported between the head and concave by the material being crushed and being supported, when the in ner crushing space is empty, by direct contact with the outer face of the head, the ring being tiltable upwardly and downwardly at all points around its circumference when the inner crushing space is either empty or contains material to be crushed.

18. A gyratory crusher comprising a normally stationary concave element having an annular, upwardly tapering, inner face, a gyratory head within the concave having an annular outer face tapering upwardly less steeply than said annular inner face, said faces providing a downwardly tapering annular space therebetween, and a floating ring in said space having an outer surface which tapers upwardly less steeply than the inner surface of the concave element and an inner surface above the outer face of the head and which tapers upwardly more steeply than the latter, the ring being supported by the outer face of the head for free tilting movement both upwardly and downwardly when the crusher is empty and when full.

SAMUEL W. 'I'RAYLOR, J R.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 456,304 Gates July 21, 1891 814,114 Burr Mar, 6, 1906 1,523,478 Fischer Jan. *20, 1925 1,574,142 Weston Feb. 3, 1926 1,962,462 Pudan June 12, 1934 2,147,833 Fahrenwald Feb. 21, 1939 2,190,036 Morch Feb. 13, 1940 

